Background:
Dietary habits formed during university years influence long-term health, yet evidence comparing gender-specific and cross-country patterns in Central Europe is limited. This study assessed differences in dietary intake between Polish and Slovak university students using standardized FFQ-6 daily intake conversions.

Material and methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in February-March 2025 among 574 Polish and Slovak students (77% female; mean age 22.5±2.68 years). Dietary intake was evaluated using the FFQ-6. Gender and country differences were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests with effect sizes (r).

Results:
Female students reported a higher intake of vegetables and fruits, while males consumed significantly more red and processed meat, refined grains, animal fats, and energy drinks (p<0.05). In international comparisons, Polish females showed higher consumption of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and nuts but also a higher intake of red meat, added fats, and energy drinks. Slovak students reported a higher dairy intake and slightly lower consumption of sweets and sugar-sweetened beverages. Effect sizes were small to moderate.

Conclusions:
Our findings show meaningful gender-specific and cross-country differences in the dietary patterns of Polish and Slovak university students, highlighting several areas – especially meat, fats, and vegetable intake – where improvements in everyday dietary routines may be beneficial.