OTHER / REVIEW PAPER
IMPROVED RAT STROKE MODEL BY INTRALUMINAL MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION: A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
1
Laboratory animal facility – Centre for Experimental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine
and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
2
Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu-Mureș, Romania
3
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu-Mureș, Romania
4
Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
5
National Magnetic Resonance Center, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Submission date: 2017-07-13
Acceptance date: 2017-08-31
Publication date: 2017-10-26
Health Prob Civil. 2017;11(3):202-210
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Various rodent models have been developed for examining either focal or global cerebral ischemia so far, but the most used model is the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal filaments, followed by reperfusion, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazoliumchloride or Cresyl Violet/Nissl staining for evaluation of the region of interest. Like other surgical procedures, this one is prone to various complications (excessive bleeding, vascular or nerve lesions) and failure related to the surgical technique. We focused on detailed surgical techniques, along with data from literature, in order to reduce the complications and increase the chance of experiment success. Magnetic Resonance Imaging evaluation with 3D reconstruction of the ischemic area opens new perspectives on investigations into the ischemic brain, having the advantage of being noninvasive as an alternative to gold histological standard for measuring the infarct size, being the only one accesible in surviving subjects.
REFERENCES (18)
1.
Bacigaluppi M, Comi G, Hermann DM. Animal models of ischemic stroke. Part two: modeling cerebral ischemia. Open Neurol. J. 2010; 4: 34–8.
2.
Woodruff TM, Thundyil J, Tang S-C, Sobey CG, Taylor SM, Arumugam TV. Pathophysiology, treatment, and animal and cellular models of human ischemic stroke. Mol. Neurodegener. 2011; 6(1): 11.
3.
Casals JB, Pieri N, Feitosa M, Ercolin A, Roballo K, Barreto R et al. The Use of Animal Models for Stroke Research: A Review. Comp. Med. 2011; 61(4): 305–313.
4.
Koizumi J, Yoshida Y, Nakazawa T, Ooneda G. Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema. I. A new experimental model of cerebral embolism in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area. Jpn J Stroke.1986; 8: 1–8.
5.
Güzel A, Rölz R, Nikkhah G, Kahlert UD, Maciaczyk J. A microsurgical procedure for middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal monofilament insertion technique in the rat: a special emphasis on the methodology. Exp. Transl. Stroke Med. 2014; 6: 6.
6.
Uluç K, Miranpuri A, Kujoth GC, Aktüre E, Başkaya MK. Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model by Endovascular Suture Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Rat. J. Vis. Exp. 2011; 48: e1978.
7.
Benedek A, Moricz K, Juranyi Z, Gigler G, Levay G, Harsing Jr. L, et al. Use of TTC staining for the evaluation of tissue injury in the early phases of reperfusion after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res. 2006; 1116(1); 159–165.
8.
Kramer M, Dang J, Baertling F, Denecke B, Clarner T, Kirsch C, et al. TTC staining of damaged brain areas after MCA occlusion in the rat does not constrict quantitative gene and protein analyses. J. Neurosci. Methods. 2010; 187(1): 84–89.
9.
Türeyen K, Vemuganti R, Sailor KA, Dempsey RJ. Infarct volume quantification in mouse focal cerebral ischemia: a comparison of triphenyltetrazolium chloride and cresyl violet staining techniques. J. Neurosci. Methods. 2004; 139(2): 203–207.
10.
Rousselet E, Kriz J, Seidah NG. Mouse Model of Intraluminal MCAO: Cerebral Infarct Evaluation by Cresyl Violet Staining. J. Vis. Exp. 2012; 69: 4038.
11.
Milidonis X, Marshall I, Macleod MR, Sena ES. Magnetic resonance imaging in experimental stroke and comparison with histology: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2015; 46(3): 843–851.
12.
Neumann-Haefelin T, Kastrup A, de Crespigny A, Yenari M, Ringer T, Sun G, et al. Serial MRI After Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats : Dynamics of Tissue Injury, Blood-Brain Barrier Damage, and Edema Formation Editorial Comment: Dynamics of Tissue Injury, Blood-Brain Barrier Damage, and Edema Formation. Stroke. 2000; 31(8): 1965–1973.
13.
Bederson JB, Pitts LH, Tsuji M, Nishimura MC, Davis RL, Bartkowski H. Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion: evaluation of the model and development of a neurologic examination. Stroke. 1986, 17(3): 472–476.
14.
He Z, Yamawaki T, Yang S, Day AL, Simpkins JW, Naritomi H. Experimental Model of Small Deep Infarcts Involving the Hypothalamus in Rats: changes in body temperature and postural reflex. Stroke. 1999; 30(12): 2743–2751.
15.
Cornell University and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Rodent Anesthesia. Acup. 2012; 101: 1–10.
16.
Perret-Gentil MI. Recommended Surgical Analgesic Protocols for Mice and Rats. [cited 2017 March 21]. Available from: http://vpr.utsa.edu/larc/index....
17.
Mocan M, Chiriac L, Banc O, Moldovan R, Turcu F, Simon S. Magnetic resonance imaging based assessment of aortic valve area: a methodology proposal and an experimental case study. Hum. Vet. Med. Int. J. Bioflux Soc. Res. Artic. 2015; 7(4): 327–333.
18.
Ferreira T., Rasband W. Image J User Guide. [cited 2017 March 01]. Available from: http:// imagej.nih.gov/ij/ docs/guide.
| eISSN: | 2354-0265 |
| ISSN: | 2353-6942 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
