REVIEW PAPER
Role of physical activity in the development of resilience and adaptation in ageing: a narrative literature review
1
Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
Submission date: 2026-05-03
Final revision date: 2026-06-03
Acceptance date: 2026-07-03
Online publication date: 2026-08-03
Corresponding author
Nikodem Michalski
Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Plac Kopernika 11a, 45-040 Opole, Poland
Faculty of Medicine, University of Opole, Plac Kopernika 11a, 45-040 Opole, Poland
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to review the literature and synthesize the latest research (2023-2026) on the role of physical activity in enhancing resilience and supporting adaptation of older adults to the ageing process. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus databases. Publications concerning gerontology, public health, and physical activity sciences covering a population aged 60 years or older were analyzed. Individual forms of physical activity and group programs combining various types of exercise were included. Their associations with resilience, psychological well-being, functional adaptation, social integration, and quality of life were assessed, taking into account potential psychological and social mechanisms. The included publications indicate that regular physical activity increases resilience, mental health, and functional independence. The most consistent results concern a reduced risk of frailty syndrome and functional disability. Resilience may act as a mediating mechanism between physical activity and psychological well-being, while social factors may enhance adaptive effects. The results suggest a multidimensional impact of physical activity on the ageing process, but further longitudinal studies are necessary to precisely define the causal mechanisms. Physical activity can be an important element of strategies supporting healthy ageing and maintaining autonomy in older adults.
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