The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has substantially affected global healthcare systems and accelerated the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Although COVID-19 is fundamentally a viral illness, widespread empirical antibiotic use, particularly among hospitalized and critically ill patients, created significant selective pressure favoring MDR pathogens. This structured narrative review evaluated the relationship between COVID-19 and AMR through a PRISMA-informed literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases covering January 2020 to February 2026. Available evidence demonstrates a marked discrepancy between relatively low confirmed bacterial co-infection rates (approximately 5-10%) and substantially higher empirical antibiotic prescribing rates, which frequently exceeded 60% in hospitalized patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) overcrowding, prolonged hospitalization, invasive procedures, and disruption of antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention practices further facilitated the emergence and transmission of MDR organisms. Gram-negative bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were prominently associated with secondary infections in critically ill patients. In addition, fungal superinfections such as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and Candida auris infections contributed to adverse clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention, surveillance systems, and rapid diagnostic approaches remains essential to mitigate the long-term impact of AMR in the post-pandemic era.