Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism and the proper functioning of multiple body systems. The widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has led to a significant increase in supplementation in the general population over recent years. However, this trend has been accompanied by a growing number of cases of hypervitaminosis D, primarily resulting from uncontrolled intake of high-dose vitamin D preparations. Excess vitamin D leads to disturbances in calcium homeostasis, most notably hypercalcemia, which may manifest itself in nonspecific systemic symptoms and result in serious organ complications such as nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. A major contributing factor is the widespread availability of vitamin D-containing preparations, combined with insufficient patient awareness of the potential consequences of excessive intake. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present the current state of knowledge regarding hypervitaminosis D and its significance from a public health perspective. An analysis of literature indicates that physicians play a key role in the rational management of vitamin D supplementation, identification of risk factors, and patient education. Adherence to current supplementation guidelines and regular monitoring of therapy can significantly reduce the risk of developing hypervitaminosis D.