Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe and the number of
reported cases is constantly rising. An increase in morbidity can be observed both in Poland
and Belarus; however, the recorded rates are much higher in Poland. The aim of the article was
to analyze the epidemiological situation of Lyme borrelosis in neighbouring territories in the
Polish-Belarusian borderland: Grodno Region and Podlasie Province in the years 2012-2016.
Differences in the recorded incidence of Lyme borreliosis in the analyzed territories were
higher than those noted as national indicators in each consecutive year of the analyzed fiveyear
period. In 2016, the incidence rate in Grodno Region was 25.0/100,000 inhabitants, while
in Podlasie Province it was over 5 times higher (134.9/100,000 inhabitants). A detailed analysis
of the rates in particular districts of the analyzed territories showed that the areas in Podlasie
Province directly adjacent to Grodno Region are characterized by high Lyme borreliosis
incidence rates, whereas those in Grodno Region bordering with Podlasie Province generally
recorded rates close to the indicator for the whole region. Understanding the big differences
in the recorded incidence of LB in the neighbouring Polish-Belarusian border areas requires
further detailed analyses in order to identify the factors influencing such a situation.