ZOONOZIS - VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES / REVIEW PAPER
PART I. ZOONOZIS – TICK-BORNE DISEASES
TICK-BORNE BACTERIAL DISEASES IN POLAND
TICK-BORNE BACTERIAL DISEASES IN POLAND
1
National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Poland
Submission date: 2017-04-21
Acceptance date: 2017-04-25
Publication date: 2017-07-28
Health Prob Civil. 2017;11(2):56-65
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Many infectious diseases are spread by a vector. Some microorganisms require both the
vertebrate as well invertebrate host to complete their life cycle. In this way, many bacterial
diseases are transmitted to humans.
Within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, 15 genospecies have been identified; 7 of which
are pathogenic to humans. Lyme borreliosis, classified as a zoonosis, occurs throughout
the Northern Hemisphere. The symptoms caused by these spirochetes, in addition to the
characteristic erythema migrans, may affect many body systems and organs.
Infections caused by Bartonella spp. are classified as emerging and re-emerging diseases.
Over 25 species of Bartonella species have been currently recognized, 14 of which are
pathogenic to humans. The infections of these microorganisms are transmitted by ticks, lice
and fleas, and manifest themselves as endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bacillary peliosis,
Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, the mildest of them being the cat scratch disease.
Recently, spotted fever group rickettsioses are the most commonly recognized. In Poland, the
etiological agents of these diseases are various species of Rickettsia spp., such as R. helvetica,
R. monacensis, R. slovaca and R. raoultii.
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an acute infectious disease caused by Anaplasma
phagocytophilum. The symptoms of anaplasmosis include: a high fever, headache, malaise,
muscle pains and chills. It is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated levels
of liver transaminases, increased number of neutrophils and mild anemia.
There is no specific prophylaxis to avert tick-borne infections. The best prevention method
is to avoid tick bites and to remove them from the skin immediately. It is also recommended
to use tick repellents.
vertebrate as well invertebrate host to complete their life cycle. In this way, many bacterial
diseases are transmitted to humans.
Within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, 15 genospecies have been identified; 7 of which
are pathogenic to humans. Lyme borreliosis, classified as a zoonosis, occurs throughout
the Northern Hemisphere. The symptoms caused by these spirochetes, in addition to the
characteristic erythema migrans, may affect many body systems and organs.
Infections caused by Bartonella spp. are classified as emerging and re-emerging diseases.
Over 25 species of Bartonella species have been currently recognized, 14 of which are
pathogenic to humans. The infections of these microorganisms are transmitted by ticks, lice
and fleas, and manifest themselves as endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, bacillary peliosis,
Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, the mildest of them being the cat scratch disease.
Recently, spotted fever group rickettsioses are the most commonly recognized. In Poland, the
etiological agents of these diseases are various species of Rickettsia spp., such as R. helvetica,
R. monacensis, R. slovaca and R. raoultii.
Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an acute infectious disease caused by Anaplasma
phagocytophilum. The symptoms of anaplasmosis include: a high fever, headache, malaise,
muscle pains and chills. It is characterised by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, elevated levels
of liver transaminases, increased number of neutrophils and mild anemia.
There is no specific prophylaxis to avert tick-borne infections. The best prevention method
is to avoid tick bites and to remove them from the skin immediately. It is also recommended
to use tick repellents.
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